Tire-tread-building machine.



T. MIDGLEY` #E TREAD BUILDING MACHINE ArPLlcArlon min un. 1s. |914.

1,256,716. Patented 11911111918;

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T. MIDGLEY.

TIRE TREAD BUILDING MACHINE.

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T. MIDGLEY.

TIRE Inno BUILDING MACHINE. APPLICATIONFILED MAH. I8 l9l`4.

Patented 11m19.191s.

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T. MIDGLIEY. une' mno BUILDING MACHINE.

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Patented 11m19.191s.

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T. MIDGLEY URE TREAD BUILD: G MACHINE. APPLICATICY FILEDVMAH lB l9l4.

Patented. Feb. 19, 1918 T. MIDGLEY.

4TIRE TREAD BUILDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. IB. |914.

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Patented Feb.'19,1918.

I 45E @www UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE THOMAS MIDGLEY, OF' WORTHINGTON, OHIO,- ASSIGNOR TO MORGAN 5ba/RIGHT, 0F` DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN.

TIRE-TREAD-BUILDING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 1B, 1914. Serial No. 825,632.

To all 'whom it may concern:

Bc it, known that I, Tiroir-xs MInGLEr, a citizen of the United States, residing at "orthingtom county ot' F'anklin, and State ot' (lhio, hare-invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tire-Tread-Building li-Iachines. .of which thel following is a full, clear, and exact disclosure.

This yinvention relates to tige tread building machines. and has -for an object to pro- \'ide a machine-tor economizing in manual labor and time4 incident to building treads upon t-i-i'e carcasses. llitherto. the building otl treads upon tire carcasses has been mami- :illy performed. the carcass being supported upon a revolving.r -torm and -the various lsheets ot tread materials heilig: manually pressed onto the rotating;r carcass 'in successive la \'ers. 'lihis operation necessitates the expert foi-ierator performinga large amount oluuskilled labor which the 'present invention entirely obriates.

The. invention. moreover. makes provision for a skilled operator` an inspector. andan unskilled laborer. hein r simultaneously em- |ilo \'ed independenttv ol eaeli other. whereby thegtinie spent and expense. incident t0 the, hiiilding lr ol' treads is gfreatl)v reduced.

rl`o attain these ends. the invention einlrodies mechanism to present. a carcass to the operator. to sueeessireh position required sheets ot' tread materia-l upon 'the carcass. to

impart' a single revolution to the carcass :is -eaeli sheetl is presented thereto Afor building the material in yla \;'ers upon the carcass. to pass the completed tire from the operator to an inspector, and to pass thel inspected vtil'eto-an -uusl-:illeil `laborer l'or removal.

lnfthe.aeconipairvlligrr drawings forming a fFigure l is a Iplan view of the. machinel wit h parts .-ifcuioretl.;

.filfigas-.a vtout:ltudinal sectional View on `the line .f 1:2. Fig. .1,.lookingg in direction icuii-.i va longitnilifutl section' vView on 'diie'. l -s-a ireairelmfaitinn .of the .machine with insita-ottica laway .and parts in `tion;

tFig. is .la sectioi-izal vView showing the.

l {mrt-s :at: the: irispet*to-rsl station 'lgt is .a -sectional vview showing the ,otliei'wisi.{l .secured on la .hed

turntable locking means at one limit of movement;

Fig. 7 is a similar view showing the parts in an opposite limit of movement from that shown in Fig. G;

Fig 8 is a fragmentary plan' View of a tread -material supporiing-bracket-;

Fig. 9 is a side elevation ot the part.el shown in Fig. S;

Fig. 1() is a fragmentary sectional view on the, line 10-10, Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a sectional view showing a stock roll and take up roll and their muntings;

Fig. 1Q is a/tragnicntary plan View showing the turntable locking mechanism;

Fig. 13 isa detail sectional riew showing,r one, of the latches; .l i v Fig. 14 is a detail sectional view showing another of the latches;

Fig. 15 is a fragmentary sectional View showing the turntable actuating arm.;

Fig. 1G is a sectional view showing a clutch; f

Fig. 1T is a sectional view .Qnthe line 17-17. rig. 1G;

Fig. 18 is a detail view sho-wingthe clutch shift rod controlling means;

Fig. 19 is a fragmentary View in elevation showing` the turret locking lnieans;

Fig. Q0 is a fragmentary perspective View showin; lr the tip of the turret locking bar.

Referring now to the. drawings, in which like characters otrefereueel designate similar parts. :20 designates the .frameef the machine, the saine being vpreferabl)1 formed cylindrical in contour-and being bolted or ,late 2.1. An vlie fi-aine and :i nnular turret .eneirelesat revolnl'ily .confined 'glietwee'n outstanding is supported upon .roller bearings 24 and grudetlanges 23 on the frame.' *The-turret carries a vplurality of radially .dsposed-'iarm's 25, eight 0f these' firms. being shawn .in the. present. embodiment A.for the' .,pi1r of illustration. l1".aeli.ia\ rni` is-equip 1with a slithililv and `non-rntatablgy in` ,a cirthrough the ,tuit and aree-then Squared und tions by a clutch K5, :the drive member e of -i Which'is continuously driven by 'a chain 35 from the drive Wheel e on a. main shaft 36 mounted inv bearings 37 upon the bed plate of the-machine. A spring-pressedV coupling pin '38 is slidablly 4and non-,rotatably fitted 1n a recess 39 formed in the face of. the driven member a2 of the clutch and is urged by its spring 40 toride into one of a plural# ity of concentric arcuate tapered slots 41 formed in the face of the drive member e.

The pin lodges against the shoulder or end wall 42 at the deep end of the slot and is carried around thereby with 'a resultant coupling of the clutch members to rotate the shaft. The pin is formed with a diagonally disposed groove 43 which registers with a circumferential groovev 44 formed in the driven member a2. A spring-retracted pedal a is operatively connected as at a with a vertically movable shift rod 45 which has a beveledtip'46 that normally engages in the slot of the pin and holds the pin inoperative. Upon the operator depressing, then releasing' the pedal, the rod releases the pin which is then urged by its springto lock the clutch `members together.V The rod tip rides in the groove 44 ofthe driven member a2 and at the end of the revolution enters the diagonal groove 43 of the pin and withdraws the, pin to throw off the clutch. During this revolution o'f the form at the opcrators station a layerof tread material is applied to the carcass as willL presently appear.

Thejtread materials are spooled upon respective stock rolls 47 carried on` respective brackets 48, in theprcsent embodiment there being eight ofthese brackets shown. The brackets are mounted on a turntable 4Q which is fixed on shaft 50 that islmounted to turn in a. bearing 51 on the bed plate. The brackcts 48 are resented successively in juxtaposition to tlie format the operators station bythe stepmovements of the turntable. The -operator'presscs the free end of the sheeted material of the juxtaposed bracket onto the carcass and by the Vsubsequent single revolir tionof the latterthe material is fed from-the vstock roll and accumulateson.. the carcassin a single layer. p

Foradvancing the' turntable step by step fa shaft 52 is mounted in bearing 53 on the bed plate and isV equipped with a clutch K', similar to the .clutch K, the drive member y of this clutch belng driven from a drive wheel on the main shaft 36 by chain 54. A shift rod 45', similaito the shift rod of the clutch K, is operated through the instrumentality of a spring-retracted pedal I), similar to the pedal a, to restrict the shaft to a sinele revolution. A cam 55 fixed to the shaft and engages the sprockets 5G of a pin wheel 57 that is fixed to the turntable Shaft 50, the cam advancing the wheel one spoke at 'cach revolution with a resultant actuation Yof the turntable one step. The turntable is thus advanced step by step until the complete cycle is made and a layer of tread material from each stock roll is built upon the carcass. l

During the final step of each cycle made by the turntable the turret is automatically advanced one stcpby a lever 5S which is pivoted to swing horizontally on the turntable shaft 50 and projects from a slot 59 in the frame into the path of a plurality of-studs 60 carried by the turret. During forward movement, the lever engages with one of the lugs and advances the turret one step, the tip 64 of the lever being pivoted and springpressed to override and move to operative position in rear of the next succeeding lug during retrograde movement of the leven By this simultaneous movement of the turntable and turret, the finished tire is passed over from the operators station and a cars cass together with the material -for the ini' tial tread layer presented at the station.

For actuating the turret step by-step, the

'cam cylinder 6l is fixed on the shaft G5 that is mounted in bearings 66 on the frame.

The shaft is actuated through a single revolution by means of a clutch K2, similar to the clutch K, the drive member ai of the clutch being continuously driven from a drive Wheel on the main shaft by a chain .56". A rock lever 67, fulcrurned on astandard 68 carried by the bed plate, is conne-ed at one end t0 the shift rod 452 of the clutch K2 and carries a roller 69 on the free end whiclrrides in a cam groove 70 formed in the pin wheel 57. There'is a cam projection 71 in this groove which underrid'es and lifts the roller, thereby rocking the rock lever to operate the shift rod and throw in the clutch automatically. This actuation of the clutch to-advance the turntable one step is timed to occur at the beginning of the iinal step of the cycle made bythe turntable.

The completed tire is advanced by the step movement of the turret to the inspectors station B, located at about 90 degrees from' the operators-station, where the tire maybe ro -tated by power or manually during inspec.

tion for imperfections.l At thisvpoint thei shaft 30 of the finished tire form passes out of the guide groove 31 of the frame and is i'abric is separated during on the frame and is equipped with a clutch. K3, similar to the clutch K', the drive member d being driven by a chain from the drive member d of a friction'clutch 7G carried on a counter shaft 77. The counter shaft is mounted in bearings 78 on the bed plate and is coi'itinuously driven from the main drive shaft by meshing 'beveled gears c and o'. The drive member 70 of the triction clutch is controlled by a pedal h and shift. link 80, the latter boing connected by an angular rock lever 81 to the shift rod 453 of the clutch K3.

rl`he friction clutch 76 and clutch K3 are rornially inactive and permit of the form being manually rotated by the inspector. Upon the pedal 7L being actuated to throw in the friction clutch5 the shift rod 453 will be withdrawn to throw in the clutch K3 for continuously rotatingr the tire. The friction clutch functions to prevent. the tire from becoming power-driven while being manually rotated. W'ere the member c7. of the clutch K3 continuously driven. the clutch would become active. with the resultant powerdrive of the shaft as soon as the rotation of themember Z ot' the clutch carried the coupling pin. from engagement with the stationary tip of the shift rod 453,

The brackets 48 are identical in construction and cach'comprises a skeleton frame 82.,

" to the upper end of which a skeleton arm 83 pivoted as at 84. The tread material 85, har-.lied by fabric-85 which separates the con- 4mlutions, is spooled upon the stock roll 47, as. betere stated, theroll being revolubly and removably supported on the frame by gudgrens 8G. A talteaip roll 87 for the fabric is positioned on the frame above the roll 47 and is revolubly and rem vably supported by gudgeons 8S. The sheetl from the roll 47 passes over the taire-up roll and rotates the latter by frictional engagement therewith. The sheet then passes longitudinally ol' the arm 83 to feed rolls 89 and 90 carried onv the free end of the arm, 'the upper roll being pressed b V feed screws 89". The passage between the. feed rolls, and paseos bach under the lower feed roll. then over the sott-faced drive roll 91 and is firmly wound upon the rotating take-up roll. When cach bracket arrives at the operatorls station A, the pivoted arm thereof is swung down, by mechanism ln'n'cinafter described, until the softtaced drive roll frictionallyengages and is rotated by the tire form. Meshing gears 92 and. 93 connect the -feed roll for rotation with `the .drive roll,.these gears boing roportioned l1 o :leed Ithe material at a tri e less speed 1li-au the speed'of the revolving form, so that a tension is exerted onfthe` material .and causes the 'same'to curve downward at the .sido edges and conform to the contour of the carcass.

is journaled in 'ates on. the bar,

For operating the arm 83, a rock shaft 94 bearings 95 carried on the traine and has crank connectionsSlG and 97 with links 08 and 99 which are pivotallyconneeted with the arm. A link 100 con neet-ed with the crank 00 and is equipped with a roller 101 which rides 'in guide groove 1,02 termed in the inner't'ace of the trame and normally holds thi arm raised. At the op crators station the guido groove is inten iupted by a vertically movable bar 103 which is carried in a suitable guide 101 on the 1na chine frame. The bar is Jformed with a groove 105 adapted to register with the guide groove and receive the roller at the end of a step actuation of the turntable. 1 cam 10G engages the lower end ot the bar and during' a single revolution operates to lift vthe bar. whereby the roller is: nio-ved out of the groove and the arm swung down to }.\ress drive roll. onto the carcass, then to hold bar ra d 'for a period to maintain the arm in operative position during application ot the tread material to the carcass, er l finally to lower the bar whereby the roller is can ried back into registration witl'i the guide. groove and the arm swung up to released position. The cam is vfixed to a stub shaft 107 carried 'in the bearings 108 and109, the stub shaft being connected for a simultaneous single revolution with the turntable actuating shaft- 52 by means ot meshing gears f and f. The cams 55 and 106 are so relatively timed that the cam 55 operates on the pin wheel 57 before the cam 10G operso that the above described operation of the bar alternates with the stepy movement of the turntable. Thus upon a single depression of the pedal b the turntable is advanced a' step and presents a roll of tread material to the carcass and is immediately followed by the lowering oit the arm to apply the material.

The arms83 are shown extensible wherebv they may be adjusted to suit various conditions ot service. .Each arm preferably comprises inner and outer members 110 and 111 connected by strap guides 112. A casing 113 connects the. outer members together for simultaneous movement. and houses ay .shaft 11i that carries pinions 115 which mesh with rock teeth 116 formed on the inner members. The-shaft has squared ends 117 to permit. application of a Wrench for turning the shaft to advance or retract the outer members and vary the length-of the arm. The shaft is locked against `rotation by a latch 118 to hold the armsat any adjusted length.

For locking the. turntable againstniovement during` application of the tread material to the carcass, stop plates y119 and 19.0 are arranged 45 degrees apart on the turntable and overlap the stationary fiange 23 of the machine frame,

pairs of radially disposed the plates of each pair passing along opposite sides of the reciprocating link 100 of the corresponding bracket 48. A pair 'of springpressed latches 121-and4122 are disposed 45 degrees apart on said fiange in the path of the plates and coact on corresponding plates 119 of two adjacent pairs of plates to halt the turntable. A t the end of the step rotation ot' the turntable, the latch 121 which has a limited longitudinal sliding movement and rocking movement on its axis, overrides` the plate 120 and drops into engagement with the advance edge ofthe plate 119 .thereby preventie further advance of the turntable,

thepair of plates next inadvance and engages in rear of the plate 119 of said pair to 4ment of the'turret. 121. A locking bar 126 projects slidably prevent retrograde movement of the turntable. The bar 103 now rises, as above stated, and passes between the plates 119 and 120, thereby locking the turntable stationary to the machine frame, and at the same time rocks up the latch 121, the controlling spring of the latch then urging the latch out upon the top face of the plate 119, thereby releasin the turntable forthe next step rotation.v

o halt the turret and hold it stationary at the end of each'step movement,` a plurality of plates123 are disposed 45 degrees apart on the face of the turret, and depend over the machine frame. An angular bracket 121|E is positioned on themachine frame to receive one of the plates at the end of the step 1nove- Each plate carries a latch 125 similar to the above described latch through an opening in the machine frame and extends normally into the path of the latch, the latter impinging against the bar 'at the end of the step movement of the turret and halting further advance of the turret. An upstanding spring-pressed latch 127 earried by the bracket simultaneously engages a slot 129 in the plate and prevents retrograde movement of the turret. A cam groove 128 formed in the end face of the cam cylinder 61 actuates and times the ba '126 to -slide outwardly upon the turret being halted, the bar having a cam' surface which underrides and rocks up the latch 125, the

bar passing on through the slot 129 in the plate and terminally confronting the bracket to positively lock the turret stationary. the controlling spring of the latch meanwhile urging the raised latch out onto the top face of the bar to release the turret for the next step in rotation.

The operationV of the machine is ras follows: Suppose that the turret and the turntable are respectively presenting a carcass andthe material for the initial tread layer at the operators station A, and that the material is bein held against the carcass by the downwar ly swung arm 83 yof the material supporting bracket. The operator .first v,to-the carcass.

. roll is brought to the form.

depressesthe pedal a to rotate the carcass through a single revolution whereby a single initial layer of the material is applied The operator next depresses the pedal I) and the following movements take place: The arm 83 rises to released position, the turntable then advances one step and presents the next succeeding bracket at the operators station, and the arm of this bracket then rocks down and disposes the end of theA material on the initially applied tread layer. By thus alternately depressing the pedals a and b, the material from all the rolls will be applied in successive layers to the carcass until the turntable has made a complete cycle, the turret being automatically advanced a step as the turntable completes its cycle, whereby a carcass and the material for the initial tread layer therefor arrive at the eperators station simultaneously with the passing away of the completed tire to the inspector-s station; Upon the arrival of the tire at the latters station, the inspector examines the tire for imperfections, turning the same manually or by power. At the next step movement of the turret, the tire passes away from the inspectors station to a laborers station C and is there removed by the laborer and replaced with a carcass which eventually arrives at the operators station.

To confine the form to a single revolution the wheel 'e has a cam groove 131 which operates on a pin 132 to move the slide 133 carried by a bracket 134 across the path of a pin 135 on the shift rod and prevent the latter from disengaging the clutch pin 38 until the shaft 32 has made two revolutions and imparted through the beveled gears 28 and 29 a single revolution to the form.

To step the joints of the layers one-eighth of the circumference apart, studs 136 on the turntable engage and advance a spoked wheel 137 keyed to the shaft 32 causing the latter to make a one-quarter turn and impart a one-eighth turn to the shaft 26 as each stock rl`he clutch K has a roller ratchet 138 which permits this actuation of the shaft 32 without disturbing the position of the clutch.

The gears 28 are each equipped with a roller ratchet 139 to permit turning of the forms by hand at any time irrespective of their positions.

. Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:

1. A tire building machine .embodying a power driven form for supportinga tire carcass, pivoted feed rolls for delivering sheeted material to the carcass, and means for positively rocking thelfeed rolls in the plane of the form toward and away from the form.

2. A tire building machine embodying a juxtaposition to the form, automatic means for then positively moving the meinbersin the plane of the form toward and away from the forni, and feed rolls carried by the members and frictionally driven from the form for delivering material to the carcass.

4. A tire. building machine embodying a rotatable foi-m for supporting a tire carcass, a transversely movable support, pressure arms pivoted on the support for successive juxtaposition to the form, means for positively rocking the arms in the plane of the form toward and away from the form, and feed rolls on the arms frictionally driven from the form for delivering sheeted mate rial to the carcass. 5. A tread building machine embodying a power driven-form for supporting a tire carcass, a transversely movable support, pivoted arms mounted on the support for successive uxtaposition to the form, feed rolls on the arms for delivering sheeted material to' the carcass, and pressure means rocking the arms to position the feed rolls for frictional driving from the form.

6. A tread building machine embodying a power driven form for supporting a tire carcass, a' step-actuated turntable, pivoted arms mounted on the turntable for succes1 sive juxtaposition. to the form by correspondinflr step movements of the turntable, i'cedrollls on the arms for delivering tread material tothe carcass, and pressure means operating on the arms alternately with the step movements of the turntable' to position the feed rolls for frietional driving from the form. l i

7. Av tread building machine embodying arotatable form for supporting a tire earcass, a transversely movable support, stock rolls for tread material backed by fabric mounted on the Support for successive juxtaposition to the form, p'ivoted feed rolls for separating the tread material from the fabric, means for positively rocking the feed rolls in the plane of the form toward and away from the form, and feeding the material to the carcass, i nd take-up rolls for thefabric.

8'. A tread building machine embodying a-rotatable form for su porting a. tirevcarcass, spaced stock and eed rolls for carrying sheeted tread material backed by fabric, a take-up roll for the fabric disposed intermediate the stock and feed rolls and rotated by friction of the sheet passing thereover successively, manually controlled means from the stock to the feed rolls, if drive roll for driving the feed rolls to separate the material from the fabric and feed the mate rial to the carcass, and means for positively moving the feed and drive rolls as a unit in the plane of the form toward and away from the form.

i). A tread building machine embodying a rotatable form for supporting a tire carcass, a stock roll for carrying slieeted tread material, feed rolls for delivering the tread material to the carcass, a pivoted drive roll geai'ed'to the feed rolls for rotating said feed rolls, and 'power operated meansv operating to positively rock said drive roll in the. plane of the form toward the form for frictional driving from the form.

10. A tread building machine embodying a frame, a turret revolnbly mounted on the frame, forms carried by the turret for supporting tire carcasses, driven shafts carried by the turret for rotating respective forms, a drive shaft on the frame pre-positioned to automatically clutch said driven shafts for actuating the drive shaft after it engages each driven shaft for rotating the corresponding form, and stock rolls for supply ing sheeted tread material' to the carcasses during rotation of the forms.

l1. A tread building machine embodying a frame, revoluble turret thereon, a. revoluble form on the turret for supporting a tire carcass, adriven shaft on the turret for rot-ating the forni, a guide on the frame re ceiving the inner end of said shaft and holding said shaft against rotation, a drive shaft on the frame pre-positioned to. interrupt the guide and clutch the driven shaft as it passes from said guide, means for rotating said drive shaft when clutching said driven shaft to rotate the form, and a stock roll on the turret for supplying sheeted tread material to the carcass during rotation of the form.

' 12. A tread building machine embodying a frame, a revoluble turret thereon, a revo lnble` form on the turret for supporting a tire carcass, avguide on the frame, a driven shaft on the turret for rotating said form and having a squared `end riding in said guide', adrive shaft on the frame having a grooved end to receive the squared en the driven shaft, a clutch on said drive shaft confining the shaft to a single revolution for pre-positioning said shaft to engage the driven shaft'as it passes from the guide and l imparting a single revolution to the form,

and astock roll for supplying a layer of shected materia] to the carcass during the single revolution of the form.

dofA

13. A tread building machine embodying a frame, a step-rotatc'idl ti'irntable thereon, aturret mounted on the frame for a step rotation at the end of the turntable cycle, revoliilole forms on. the turret for supporttire carcass, a laterally movable support,

a pivoted arm thereon, feed rolls on the arm for carrying sheeted tread material, a guide on the frame, a link for swinging the arm radially with respect to the form, a roller on the link ridinor in said guide to hold the arm raised, and aar movable across said guide for engaging and moving the roller out of the guide to swing down the arm aud position the feed rolls for frictional driving by the form.

15. A tread building machine embodying a frameJ a revoluble form for supporting a tire carcass, astep-rotated turntable, feed rolls on the turntable for carrying sheeted tread material, a reciprocatory bar on the frame vactuated alternately with the turn table to osition said feed rolls for fric- -tional driving bydthe form, a stop on the turntable for engaging the bar to anchor saidturntable, and' a spring-pressed latch mounted on thev form to engage the stop for halting said turntable and disposed -in the path of the bar for release thereby.

16. A tread building machine embodying a frame, a revoluble form for supporting a tire carcass, a step rotated turntable, feed rolls for carrying sheeted Atread material mounted on the turntable for successive juxtaposition to the form, spaced stops on the turntable, a spring-pressed latch positioned on the frame to project in rear of one of the stops at 'the end of each step and prevent retrograde movement of the turntable, a llongitudinal spring-pressed axially rotatable latch positioned on the frame to project in advance of the other stop at the end of each step and prevent advance movement of the turntable, and a bar on the frame actuated to rock the last named latch out of the path of the last named stop, the controlling spring of said latch then urging the latch to override said stop and release the turntable for the next rotation.

17. A tread building machine embodying a frame, a turntable and a turret mounted for independent step rotation on -the frame, interlocking means between the turntable and frame and between the turret and frame for positively anchoring the turntable and the turret to the frame against advance and retrograde'movement at the end of their respective steps, forms on the turret for supporting tire carcasses, and stock rolls on the turntable for supplying sheeted tread material to the carcasses.

18. A machine of the character described, comprising a frame, a power driven annular form mounted in said frame, a pivoted frame mounted adjacent said annular form, a friction pulley mounted in said pivoted frame, a pair of co-aeting rollers, between which a sheet of fabric is arranged to be passed, means interposed between said frictionpulley and said rollers for rotating said rollers, means for normally holding said pivoted frame in position to hold said friction pulley out of engagement with said form, said friction pulley arranged to engage said form When the sheet fabric is attached to said form.v

Signed at Detroit, county of Vayne, State of Michigan, this 27th day of Februv ary, 1914.

THOMAS MIDGLEY.

Witnesses:

J. I'l'. SWIFT," E. LA BUSCHEWSKY. 

